Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology (2017)// Published online 24 January 2017 .
Abstract
Macrophages are crucial drivers of tumour-promoting inflammation. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) contribute to tumour progression at different levels: by promoting genetic instability, nurturing cancer stem cells, supporting metastasis, and taming protective adaptive immunity. TAMs can exert a dual, yin–yang influence on the effectiveness of cytoreductive therapies (chemotherapy and radiotherapy), either antagonizing the antitumour activity of these treatments by orchestrating a tumour-promoting, tissue-repair response or, instead, enhancing the overall antineoplastic effect. TAMs express molecular triggers of checkpoint proteins that regulate T-cell activation, and are targets of certain checkpoint-blockade immunotherapies. Other macrophage-centred approaches to anticancer therapy are under investigation, and include: inhibition of macrophage recruitment to, and/or survival in, tumours; functional re-education of TAMs to an antitumour, 'M1-like' mode; and tumour-targeting monoclonal antibodies that elicit macrophage-mediated extracellular killing, or phagocytosis and intracellular destruction of cancer cells. The evidence supporting these strategies is reviewed herein. We surmise that TAMs can provide tools to tailor the use of cytoreductive therapies and immunotherapy in a personalized medicine approach, and that TAM-focused therapeutic strategies have the potential to complement and synergize with both chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
... De Pago ...
***********************************************
En Relación Link Dr. Mantovani : La Inmunoterapia , el Desafio contra el Cancer ....
Lei studia questo settore da anni. Siamo sulla strada giusta?
"Dagli anni '90 stiamo usando gli anticorpi per combattere il cancro. Sono stati fatti molti progressi e per me è l'avverarsi di un sogno. Sono stati messi a punto dei farmaci, come il Yondelis ( Trabectedin ), che riescono a fermare quella parte 'dell'esercito immunologico' che aiuta il cancro e non lo ferma. Sono i macrofagi, i poliziotti corrotti.
Quando un macrofago entra all’interno di un tumore acquisisce una serie di funzioni che favoriscono pericolosamente lo sviluppo delle cellule maligne. Siamo sulla strada giusta per trovare nuove cure contro il tumore, anche se ci vorrà tempo".